I. Vocabulary (المفردات)
1. Key Vocabulary (الكلمات الرئيسية)
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| awe-inspiring (adj) | مثير للإعجاب |
| bleach(ed) (v) | يبهت / يفقد لونه |
| breathtaking (adj) | يخطف الأنفاس |
| coordinated (adj) | منسق - متناغم |
| dedicated (adj) | مخلص |
| detect(ed) (v) | يكتشف |
| disrupt(ed) (v) | يشوش على / يقطع |
| diverse (adj) | متنوع |
| entangled (adj) | متشابك / عالق |
| erosion (n) | التآكل |
| figuratively (adv) | مجازيًّا |
| fragile (adj) | هش / ضعيف |
| glowing (adj) | متوهج - براق |
| glow-producing (adj) | منتج للضوء |
| hatch(ed) (v) | يفقس |
| haunting (adj) | مؤثر (صعب النسيان) |
| hazardous (adj) | خطير |
| in deep water | في ورطة |
| literally (adv) | حرفيًّا |
| magnificent (adj) | رائعة |
| mind-blowing (adj) | مدهش - مذهل |
| non-invasive (adj) | سطحي / ظاهري |
| pose(d) (v) | يشكّل - يمثّل - يفرض |
| struggle(d) (n-v) | كفاح / نضال - يكافح |
| thrive(d) (v) | يزدهر |
| turn a blind eye | يتجاهل |
| underestimate(d) (v) | يستهين بـ - يبخس قدر |
| vivid (adj) | زاهية الألوان |
2. Important Vocabulary (مفردات هامة)
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| accidentally (adv) | عن طريق الخطأ |
| act(ed) (v) | يتصرف |
| admire (d) (v) | يعجب بـ / يقدر |
| afford(ed) (v) | يستطيع تحمل |
| alive (adj) | حيّ |
| attract (ed) (v) | يجذب |
| awareness (n) | الوعي |
| ban(ned) (v) | يحظر |
| beneath (prep) | تحت |
| biologist (n) | عالم أحياء |
| brilliant (adj) | رائع / متألق |
| brightly-colored | زاهي الألوان |
| cheerful (adj) | بشوش / فرح |
| colorful (adj) | ملون |
| conditions (n) | ظروف |
| conservation (n) | الحفاظ على |
| contrast(ed) (n-v) | النقيض / يناقض |
| coral reef (n) | الشعاب المرجانية |
| coral polyps | زوائد مرجانية |
| creamy (adj) | كريمي - غني بالقشدة |
| creature (n) | مخلوق / كائن |
| crystal-clear | صاف كالبلور - واضح |
| damage(d) (n-v) | ضرر / يتلف / يدمر |
| dangers (n) | مخاطر |
| destination (n) | وجهة / مقصد |
| destructive (adj) | مدمر |
| disturbance (n) | إزعاج |
| divine (adj) | إلهي (مجازًا) - لذيذ جدًّا |
| drone (n) | طائرة بدون طيار |
| eco-friendly (adj) | صديق للبيئة |
| ecosystem (n) | النظام البيئي |
| ensure(d) (v) | يضمن |
| essential (adj) | ضروري |
| fictional (adj) | خيالي |
| fishing (n) | صيد السمك |
| frightened (adj) | خائف جدًا / مرعوب |
| fussy (adj) | صعب الإرضاء |
| gather(ed) (v) | يتجمع |
| gentle (adj) | لطيف / راقي |
| giant (n) | عملاق |
| grand (adj) | عظيم / كبير |
| graceful (adj) | رشيق |
| habitat (n) | مواطن |
| hard-to-survive | صعب البقاء |
| home (n) | موطن |
| human-made (adj) | من صنع الإنسان |
| journey (n) | رحلة |
| known for (adj) | معروف بـ |
| known as (adj) | معروف كـ |
| known to (adj) | معروف لدى |
| leap - leapt (v-n) | يقفز / قفزة |
| legend (n) | أسطورة |
| life-saving (adj) | منقذ للحياة |
| lifeless (adj) | بلا حياة |
| long-distance (adj) | بعيد المسافة |
| long-term (adj) | طويل الأمد |
| marine (adj) | بحري |
| massive (adj) | ضخم |
| matter (ed)(n-v) | يهمّ - أمر |
| memorable (adj) | لا يُنسى - عالق بالذهن |
| migratory (adj) | خاص بالهجرة |
| motion (n) | حركة |
| organ (n) | عضو |
| overfishing (n) | الصيد الجائر |
| powerful (adj) | قوي / ذو نفوذ |
| prey (n) | فريسة |
| quotation marks | علامات الاقتباس |
| rainforests (n) | غابات مطيرة |
| recover(ed) (v) | يتعافى - يستفيق |
| refer(red) (v) | يشير |
| regain (v) | يستعيد |
| reliable (adj) | يعتمد عليه - موثوق |
| renewed (adj) | متجدد |
| reputation (n) | سمعة |
| resolution (n) | حل - تباين |
| respectful (adj) | محترم |
| roaring (adj) | صاخب - عالي |
| role (n) | دور |
| role-play (n-v) | تمثيل أدوار - يلعب دور |
| sadly (adv) | من المؤسف |
| sailed(v-n) | يبحر - شراع |
| secret (n-adj) | سر - سري |
| sense (n) | حاسة |
| sheltered) (n-v) | مأوى - يؤوي |
| silver (n-adj) | الفضة - فضي |
| slow-moving (adj) | بطيء الحركة |
| social (adj) | اجتماعي |
| soft (adj) | ناعم |
| sonar (n) | السونار |
| species (n) | أنواع |
| splash(ed) (v) | يرش |
| stitch(ed) (n-v) | غرزة - يغرز |
| stormy (adj) | عاصف |
| strange (adj) | غريب |
| stricter (adj) | أشد صرامة |
| surprisingly (adv) | بشكل مفاجئ |
| survival (n) | البقاء |
| tasteless (adj) | بلا طعم |
| tension (n) | توتر |
| thermal (adj) | حراري |
| threat (n) | تهديد |
| thunderstorm (n) | عاصفة رعدية |
| tiny (adj) | صغير جدًا |
| tirelessly (adv) | بلا كلل |
| tone (n) | نبرة - أسلوب |
| track(ed) (v) | يتعقب |
| turtles (n) | سلاحف |
| unable (adj) | عاجز |
| unbelievable (adj) | غير مصدق |
| value(d) (n-v) | قيمة - يقيّم - يثمن |
| variety (n) | تشكيلة - تنوع - تعددية |
| vital (adj) | حيوي |
| widespread (adj) | واسع الانتشار |
| whisper(ed) (v) | يهمس |
| wise (adj) | حكيم |
| wooden (adj) | خشبي |
3. Definitions (تعريفات)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| bleach(ed) (v) | To lose color and become pale or white, often due to damage. |
| breathtaking (adj) | Extremely beautiful or amazing; stunning. |
| dedicated (adj) | Giving a lot of time and effort to something because you care about it. |
| disrupt (ed) (v) | To interrupt or break up something, causing disorder. |
| diverse (adj) | Very different or varied; showing a wide range. |
| entangled (adj) | Twisted or scrambled together in a complicated way. |
| erosion (n) | The gradual wearing away of land, often by water or wind. |
| fragile (adj) | Easily broken or damaged; delicate. |
| haunting (adj) | Something that stays in your mind, often in a sad or memorable way. |
| hazardous (adj) | Dangerous or risky. |
| magnificent (adj) | Very impressive, beautiful, or splendid. |
| non-invasive (adj) | Not entering the body; often used for medical procedures that don't involve cuts or instruments going inside. |
| pose(d) (v) | To present or create (a danger, threat, or challenge). |
| struggle(d) (n-v) | To try very hard to do something difficult. |
| thrive(d) (v) | To grow, develop, or be successful. |
| underestimate(d) (v) | To think something is less important or smaller than it really is. |
| vivid (adj) | Very bright, strong, and clear in color. |
| awe-inspiring (adj) | Causing a strong feeling of respect, admiration, or wonder. |
| coordinated (adj) | Arranged or organized so that all parts work together effectively. |
| detect(ed) (v) | To discover or notice something, especially something that is not easy to see, hear, or smell. |
| figuratively (adv) | In a way that uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from their usual, literal meaning. |
| glowing (adj) | Shining with a steady light; showing strong positive feeling. |
| hatch(ed) (v) | To come out from an egg; to break out from an egg. |
| in deep water | In serious trouble or difficulty. |
| literally (adv) | Actually true and exactly as stated; without exaggeration or metaphor. |
| mind-blowing (adj) | Extremely impressive, exciting, or shocking. |
| turn a blind eye | To deliberately ignore something that you know should be noticed or dealt with. |
4. Derivatives (مشتقات الكلمات)
| Word | Derivatives |
|---|---|
| bleach | bleach (v): يبهت bleachable (adj): قابل للتبييض bleached (adj): باهت bleaching (n): تبييض |
| breathtaking | breathtaking (adj): يخطف الأنفاس breathtakingly (adv): بشكل يخطف الأنفاس |
| dedicated | dedicate (v): يُكرّس dedicated (adj): مخلص dedication (n): إخلاص / تفاني |
| disrupt | disrupt (v): يشوّش disruption (n): تشويش disruptive (adj): مُشوّش / مزعج |
| diverse | diverse (adj): متنوع diversify (v): يُنوّع diversity (n): تنوع |
| entangle | entangle (v): يُشابك entangled (adj): متشابك entanglement (n): تشابك |
| erosion | erode (v): يسبب تأكلاً eroded (adj): متآكل erosion (n): التآكل |
| fragile | fragile (adj): هش fragility (n): الهشاشة |
| haunting | haunt (v): يطارد ذهنيًا haunting (adj): مؤثر |
| hazardous | hazard (n): خطر hazardous (adj): خطير |
| magnificent | magnificence (n): روعة magnificent (adj): رائع |
| thrive | thrive (v): يزدهر thriving (adj): مزدهر |
| underestimate | underestimate (v): يستهين بـ underestimation (n): استهانة |
| vivid | vivid (adj): زاهي / واضح vividly (adv): بشكل واضح |
| awe-inspiring | awe (n): إعجاب ممزوج بالمهابة inspire (v): يُلهم inspiring (adj): مُلهم inspiration (n): إلهام |
| coordinate | coordinate (v): يُنسّق coordinated (adj): مُنسّق coordination (n): تنسيق |
| detect | detect (v): يكتشف detection (n): اكتشاف detectable (adj): قابل للاكتشاف |
| glow | glow (v): يتوهج glowing (adj): متوهج glow (n): توهج / وهج |
| hatch | hatch (v): يفقس hatching (n): فقس hatchery (n): مفرخة |
5. Collocations & Expressions (متلازمات وتعبيرات)
| Expression | Meaning |
|---|---|
| a colourful underwater city | مدينة ملونة تحت الماء |
| a matter of time | مسألة وقت |
| a stitch in time saves nine | الوقاية خير من العلاج |
| a thing of the past | شيء من الماضي |
| as the saying goes | كما يقول المثل |
| attract prey | يجذب الفريسة |
| ban harmful practices / sonar | يحظر الممارسات / السونار الضار |
| before it's too late | قبل فوات الأوان |
| call for action | يدعو إلى العمل |
| cause damage / coral bleaching | يسبب ضررًا / بياض الشعاب المرجانية |
| create awareness about | ينشر الوعي بشأن |
| disrupt communication | يشوّش على التواصل |
| educate communities | يُثقّف المجتمعات |
| every little action makes a difference | كل تصرف صغير يحدث فرقًا |
| face a hard-to-survive journey | يواجه رحلة صعبة النجاة |
| face threats | يواجه تهديدات |
| find oneself in deep water | يجد نفسه في مأزق |
| in contrast | على النقيض |
| in real life | في الحياة الواقعية |
| leap through the waves | يقفز عبر الأمواج |
| play a role in | يلعب دورًا في |
| pose a threat | يشكل خطرًا |
| preserve biodiversity | يحافظ على التنوع الحيوي |
| promote eco-friendly tourism | يُروّج للسياحة الصديقة للبيئة |
| protect for future generations | يحمي للأجيال القادمة |
| restore habitats | يُرمّم المواطن الطبيعية |
| set the time and place | يُحدّد الزمان والمكان |
| turn a blind eye | يغض الطرف / يتجاهل |
| underestimate the value | يقلل من قيمة |
6. Verb + Preposition (فعل + حرف جر)
| Verb | Meaning |
|---|---|
| deal with | يتعامل مع |
| engage in | يشارك في |
| focus on | يركز على |
| look after | يرعى - يعتني بـ |
| pass on | ينقل |
| protect from | يحمي من |
| result in | يؤدي إلى |
7. Synonyms (مترادفات)
| Word | Synonyms |
|---|---|
| bleach | whiten, fade, discolor |
| breathtaking / awe-inspiring | stunning, spectacular, amazing, impressive, extraordinary |
| dedicated | committed, devoted, loyal |
| disrupt | interrupt, disturb, interfere with |
| diverse | varied, different, assorted |
| entangled | twisted, tangled, caught |
| erosion | wearing away, deterioration |
| fragile | delicate, weak, breakable |
| haunting | unforgettable, touching |
| hazardous | dangerous, risky, unsafe |
| magnificent | glorious, splendid, grand |
| non-invasive | external, surface-level, non-intrusive |
| pose | present, create |
| struggle | fight, battle, effort |
| thrive | prosper, flourish, succeed |
| underestimate | undervalue, underrate, belittle |
| vivid | bright, intense, brilliant |
| coordinated | organized, arranged, systematic, unified |
| detect | discover, notice, observe, identify |
| glowing | radiant, shining, luminous, brilliant |
| in deep water | in trouble, in difficulty, in danger |
| mind-blowing | astonishing, amazing, incredible, phenomenal |
| turn a blind eye | ignore, overlook, disregard |
8. Antonyms (متضادات)
| Word | Antonyms |
|---|---|
| bleach | darken, stain, dye |
| breathtaking / awe-inspiring | dull, ordinary, unimpressive |
| dedicated | uncommitted, indifferent, careless |
| diverse | similar, identical |
| entangled | free, clear, untangled |
| erosion | buildup, strengthening, growth |
| fragile | strong, sturdy, durable |
| haunting | forgettable, unimpressive |
| hazardous | safe, secure, harmless |
| magnificent | awful, poor, unimpressive |
| non-invasive | invasive, penetrating, intrusive |
| struggle | rest, ease, relax |
| thrive | fail, decline, wither |
| underestimate | overestimate, exaggerate, overvalue |
| vivid | pale, faint, dull |
| coordinated | disorganized, chaotic, messy |
| detect | miss, overlook, ignore |
| figuratively | literally, factually, exactly |
| glowing | dull, dim, faded |
| in deep water | safe, secure, protected |
| mind-blowing | boring, dull, tedious, ordinary |
| turn a blind eye | notice, observe, pay attention |
II. Grammar (القواعد)
Types of Adjectives (أنواع الصفات)
Compound Adjectives (الصفات المركبة)
-
Starting with Numbers (تبدأ بالأرقام):
- Number-Noun-Adjective:
a twelve-year-old child - Number-Noun:
a ten-day trip - Number + Plural Noun's (after verb 'be' or as adverb):
two hours' drive
- Number-Noun-Adjective:
-
Starting with Adjectives (تبدأ بالصفات):
- Adjective + Past Participle:
absent-minded,green-eyed,strong-willed - Adjective + Present Participle (-ing):
good-looking,long-lasting,easy-going - Adjective + Noun:
last-minute,full-length,second-hand
- Adjective + Past Participle:
-
Starting with Adverbs (تبدأ بالظروف):
- Adverb + Past Participle:
brightly-lit,well-balanced,well-known - Adverb + Present Participle (-ing):
never-ending,forward-thinking,ever-lasting
- Adverb + Past Participle:
-
Starting with Nouns (تبدأ بالأسماء):
- Noun + Past Participle:
sun-baked,heart-broken - Noun + Present Participle (-ing):
record-breaking,mouth-watering,time-saving - Noun + Adjective:
ice-cold,brand-new,world-famous - Noun + Noun:
egg-box,hair-cream,teapot
- Noun + Past Participle:
Important Notes (ملاحظات هامة)
- A hyphen (-) is used when the compound adjective comes **before** the noun it describes.
- If the noun does not come after the compound adjective, we do not use a hyphen (e.g.,
As a footballer, Mohammed Salah is well known). - No hyphen is used after the adverb
very. - For time expressions with a number, use ('s) for singular and (s') for plural (e.g.,
in a week's time,in two weeks' time). - Some compound adjectives have comparative/superlative forms (e.g.,
good-looking / better-looking / best-looking).