ملخص الترم الأول - الصف الثاني الثانوي

أهم المفردات

Uniqueفريد
Positionموقع / مكانة
Gatewayبوابة
Bridgeجسر
Strategicاستراتيجي
Cooperationتعاون
Initiativesمبادرات
Infrastructureبنية تحتية
Partnershipsشراكات
Benefitيفيد / فائدة
Promoteيعزز / يروج
Flourishingمزدهر
Exportsصادرات
Manufacturedمُصنّع
Importsواردات
Mutualمتبادل
Comprehensiveشامل
Empowerيمكّن
Solidarityتضامن
Integrationتكامل
Hybridهجين
Expandingتوسيع / يتوسع
Ruralريفي
Stableمستقر
Fundingتمويل
Enhanceيعزز / يحسن
Yieldsمحاصيل / غلة
Targetedمستهدف
Highlightedأبرز / سلط الضوء
Engagementمشاركة
Milestoneعلامة فارقة
Capacityقدرة / سعة
Collaborationتعاون
Annualسنوي
Transformingتحويل
Renewable energyطاقة متجددة
Investmentاستثمار
Impactتأثير

أهم التعبيرات

Strengthening tiesتقوية الروابط
Investing heavilyالاستثمار بكثافة
Economic cooperationتعاون اقتصادي
Political stabilityاستقرار سياسي
Trade relationshipsعلاقات تجارية
Boosting economic growthتعزيز النمو الاقتصادي
Capacity buildingبناء القدرات
Sustainable developmentتنمية مستدامة
Stand shoulder to shoulderيقف جنباً إلى جنب
Builds bridges betweenيبني جسوراً بين
See eye to eye onيتفق في الرأي على

الكلمات وعكسها ومرادفها

الكلمة (Word) المرادف (Synonym) المضاد (Antonym/Opposite)
Gateway (بوابة / مدخل) entrance, access, portal barrier, obstruction, impediment
Partnerships (شراكات) alliances, collaborations, associations rivalries, conflicts, divisions
Forum (منتدى) assembly, conference, meeting isolation, silence, exclusion
Persuasive (مقنع) convincing, compelling, influential unconvincing, weak, feeble
Appreciating (تقدير) valuing, recognizing, esteeming depreciating, devaluing, scornful
Solidarity (تضامن) unity, cohesion, consensus disunity, division, discord
Unity (وحدة) harmony, agreement, cohesion disunity, division, separation
National Pride (فخر وطني) patriotism, national honor national shame, humiliation
Infrastructure (بنية تحتية) foundation, framework, system neglect, decay, disrepair
Manufactured (مصنوع) produced, fabricated, made natural, raw, unprocessed
Mutual (متبادل) reciprocal, shared, joint unilateral, one-sided
Integration (تكامل) unification, merging, blending separation, segregation, fragmentation
Hybrid (هجين) mixed, composite, blended pure, original, unmixed
Expanding (واسع / متوسع) growing, enlarging, extending contracting, shrinking, decreasing
Rural (ريفي) countryside, agrarian, pastoral urban, city
Stable (مستقر) steady, constant, firm unstable, fluctuating, volatile
Funding (تمويل) financing, sponsorship, backing defunding, withdrawal of support
Entrepreneurs (رواد الأعمال) businesspeople, innovators, founders employees, dependents, followers
Resilience (مرونة) fortitude, adaptability, toughness fragility, weakness, vulnerability
Problem-solving (حل المشكلات) troubleshooting, resolution, analysis avoidance, neglect, confusion
Self-discipline (انضباط ذاتي) self-control, restraint, willpower indulgence, impulsiveness, lack of control
Perseverance (إصرار) persistence, determination, tenacity quitting, giving up, surrender
Ambition (طموح) aspiration, drive, zeal apathy, indifference, complacency
Institutions (مؤسسات) organizations, establishments, bodies anarchy, informal groups, absence
Inspire (إلهام) motivate, encourage, stir discourage, depress, deter
Independence (استقلال) autonomy, self-reliance, freedom dependence, reliance, subservience
Founder (مؤسس) originator, creator, initiator follower, imitator, successor
Evolve (تطور) develop, grow, progress regress, stagnate, decline
Mobilization (تعبئة) rallying, deployment, organization inaction, demobilization, passivity
Commitment (التزام) dedication, devotion, pledge disinterest, apathy, negligence
Competition (منافسة) rivalry, contest, challenge cooperation, collaboration, monopoly
Inventory (مخزون) stock, merchandise, supply shortage, depletion, emptiness
Tutoring (تدريس خاص) coaching, instruction, guidance ignorance, neglect, abandonment
Assist (مساعدة) help, aid, support hinder, obstruct, impede
Pitching (عرض) presenting, proposing, advocating rejecting, ignoring, dismissing
Rental (إيجار) lease, hire, charter ownership, purchase, possession
Investment (استثمار) funding, capital, stake withdrawal, divestment, disinvestment
Boost (تعزيز) increase, enhance, promote decrease, undermine, diminish
Notable (بارز) remarkable, prominent, significant insignificant, obscure, unremarkable
Organic (عضوي) natural, ecological, chemical-free synthetic, artificial, conventional
Portion (نصيب) part, share, segment whole, entirety
Processing (معالجة) treatment, preparation, handling neglect, disregard, inaction
Heritage (تراث) legacy, tradition, inheritance future, modernity
Pesticides (مبيدات) insecticides, herbicides, chemicals natural solutions, organic controls
Flax (كتان) linen (fabric), fiber synthetic fibers, polyester
Manufactures (يصنع) produces, makes destroys, breaks
Boosted (عزز / دعم) increased, improved decreased, weakened
Mutual (متبادل) reciprocal, shared one-sided, unilateral
Affordable (ميسور التكلفة) cheap, inexpensive expensive, costly

القواعد اللغوية الرئيسية

المضارع المستمر (Present Continuous)

للمبني للمعلوم (Active Voice): subject + am/is/are + verb + -ing

We are working on a new project right now.

نحن نعمل على مشروع جديد الآن.

للمبني للمجهول (Passive Voice): am / is / are + being + past participle

New projects are being launched across Africa.

يتم إطلاق مشاريع جديدة في جميع أنحاء أفريقيا.

أهم المفردات

Launchedأطلق / بدأ
Capitalرأس مال
Institutionsمؤسسات
Inspireيلهم
Independenceاستقلال
Founderمؤسس
Evolveيتطور
Mobilizationتعبئة / حشد
Commitmentالتزام
Resilienceمرونة / صمود
Setbacksانتكاسات
Competitionمسابقة / منافسة
Inventoryمخزون
Tutoringدروس خصوصية
Assistيساعد
Pitchingعرض تقديمي
Rentalإيجار
Eco-friendlyصديق للبيئة
Investmentاستثمار
Boostيعزز / يدعم
Notableملحوظ / بارز
Organicعضوي
Portionجزء / حصة
Processingمعالجة
Heritageتراث
Pesticidesمبيدات حشرية
Flaxكتان
Craftsحرف يدوية

أهم التعبيرات

Achieve economic independenceتحقيق الاستقلال الاقتصادي
Contribute to national developmentالمساهمة في التنمية الوطنية
Success is not guaranteedالنجاح ليس مضموناً
Learn from setbacksالتعلم من الانتكاسات
Build a strong foundationبناء أساس قوي
Solving real problemsحل مشاكل حقيقية
Building a team is vitalبناء فريق أمر حيوي
Unique selling pointنقطة بيع فريدة
Think outside the boxيفكر بطريقة إبداعية

الكلمات وعكسها ومرادفها

الكلمة (Word) المرادف (Synonym) المضاد (Antonym/Opposite)
Entrepreneurs (رواد الأعمال) businesspeople, innovators, founders employees, dependents, followers
Resilience (مرونة) fortitude, adaptability, toughness fragility, weakness, vulnerability
Problem-solving (حل المشكلات) troubleshooting, resolution, analysis avoidance, neglect, confusion
Self-discipline (انضباط ذاتي) self-control, restraint, willpower indulgence, impulsiveness, lack of control
Perseverance (إصرار) persistence, determination, tenacity quitting, giving up, surrender
Ambition (طموح) aspiration, drive, zeal apathy, indifference, complacency
Institutions (مؤسسات) organizations, establishments, bodies anarchy, informal groups, absence
Inspire (إلهام) motivate, encourage, stir discourage, depress, deter
Independence (استقلال) autonomy, self-reliance, freedom dependence, reliance, subservience
Founder (مؤسس) originator, creator, initiator follower, imitator, successor
Evolve (تطور) develop, grow, progress regress, stagnate, decline
Mobilization (تعبئة) rallying, deployment, organization inaction, demobilization, passivity
Commitment (التزام) dedication, devotion, pledge disinterest, apathy, negligence
Capital (رأس المال) funds, assets, resources debt, deficiency, insolvency
Competition (منافسة) rivalry, contest, challenge cooperation, collaboration, monopoly
Inventory (مخزون) stock, merchandise, supply shortage, depletion, emptiness
Tutoring (تدريس خاص) coaching, instruction, guidance neglect, abandonment, ignorance
Assist (مساعدة) help, aid, support hinder, obstruct, impede
Pitching (عرض) presenting, proposing, advocating rejecting, ignoring, dismissing
Rental (إيجار) lease, hire, charter ownership, purchase, possession
Investment (استثمار) funding, capital, stake withdrawal, divestment, disinvestment
Boost (تعزيز) increase, enhance, promote decrease, undermine, diminish
Notable (بارز) remarkable, prominent, significant insignificant, obscure, unremarkable
Organic (عضوي) natural, ecological, chemical-free synthetic, artificial, conventional
Portion (نصيب) part, share, segment whole, entirety
Processing (معالجة) treatment, preparation, handling neglect, disregard, inaction
Heritage (تراث) legacy, tradition, inheritance future, modernity
Pesticides (مبيدات) insecticides, herbicides, chemicals natural solutions, organic controls
Flax (كتان) linen (fabric), fiber synthetic fibers, polyester
Manufactures (يصنع) produces, fabricates, makes destroys, breaks, damages
Boosted (عزز / دعم) increased, improved, strengthened decreased, weakened, reduced
Mutual (متبادل) reciprocal, shared, joint unilateral, one-sided
Affordable (ميسور التكلفة) cheap, inexpensive, economical expensive, costly, premium

القواعد اللغوية الرئيسية

الماضي التام (Past Perfect)

للمبني للمعلوم (Active Voice): had + past participle

I had done the shopping before I returned home.

كنت قد قمت بالتسوق قبل أن أعود إلى المنزل.

للمبني للمجهول (Passive Voice): had been + past participle

The reports had been revised well before sending to the manager.

كانت التقارير قد تمت مراجعتها جيداً قبل إرسالها إلى المدير.

أهم المفردات

Sustainableمستدام
Visionرؤية
Comprehensiveشامل
Economicاقتصادي
Pillarsأعمدة / ركائز
Prosperityرخاء / ازدهار
Participationمشاركة
Principleمبدأ
Inclusiveشامل / دامج
Affordableميسور التكلفة
Universalعالمي / شامل
Chronic diseaseمرض مزمن
Screeningفحص / مسح
Initiativeمبادرة
Cornerstoneحجر الزاوية
Competitiveتنافسي
Sectorقطاع
Enhanceيعزز
Memorizationحفظ / تذكر
Curriculaمناهج دراسية
Creativityإبداع
Critical thinkingتفكير نقدي
Artifactsقطع أثرية
Restorationترميم

أهم التعبيرات

Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS)استراتيجية التنمية المستدامة
Quality of lifeجودة الحياة
Social justiceعدالة اجتماعية
Civil societyمجتمع مدني
Rights of future generationsحقوق الأجيال القادمة
Three main pillarsثلاث ركائز أساسية
Use resources wiselyاستخدام الموارد بحكمة
Universal Health Insurance System (UHIS)نظام التأمين الصحي الشامل
Early detection programsبرامج الكشف المبكر
Invest in human capitalالاستثمار في رأس المال البشري

الكلمات وعكسها ومرادفها

الكلمة (Word) المرادف (Synonym) المضاد (Antonym/Opposite)
Sustainable (مستدام) enduring, long-lasting, viable unsustainable, temporary, fleeting
Development (تنمية) progress, advancement, evolution decline, regression, stagnation
Strategy (استراتيجية) plan, approach, tactic impulse, randomness, ad-hoc action
Vision (رؤية) foresight, outlook, aim short-sightedness, myopia, blindness
Comprehensive (شامل) exhaustive, all-encompassing, extensive partial, limited, narrow
Prosperity (ازدهار) affluence, well-being, success poverty, hardship, decline
Economic growth (نمو اقتصادي) expansion, increase in wealth economic decline, recession
Social fairness (إنصاف اجتماعي) equity, justice, impartiality injustice, inequality, bias
Regional leadership (قيادة إقليمية) dominance, preeminence subordination, insignificance
Roadmap (خريطة طريق) guide, blueprint, plan confusion, lack of direction
Participation (مشاركة) involvement, engagement, contribution exclusion, disengagement, apathy
Pillars (أعمدة) foundations, supports, cornerstones weaknesses, gaps, fragility
Inclusive (شامل/متجانس) all-embracing, broad, extensive exclusive, restricted, limited
Balanced (متوازن) equitable, even, stable unbalanced, uneven, skewed
Opportunities (فرص) chances, prospects, possibilities obstacles, barriers, limitations
Resources (موارد) assets, reserves, supplies depletion, scarcity, shortage
Generations (أجيال) age groups, cohorts individuals, isolated persons
Healthcare (الرعاية الصحية) medical care, health services neglect, abandonment, lack of care
Affordable (ميسور التكلفة) inexpensive, economical, cheap expensive, costly, unaffordable
Universal (عالمي/شامل) global, widespread, comprehensive limited, partial, restricted
Chronic disease (مرض مزمن) long-term illness acute illness, temporary condition
Equitable access (وصول عادل) fair access, equal opportunity unequal access, unfairness, discrimination
Screening (فحص) check-up, examination, test ignorance, neglect, avoidance
Initiative (مبادرة) project, program, undertaking conclusion, termination, inaction
Vaccination coverage (نطاق التحصين) immunization rate low coverage, vaccination gap
Infrastructure (بنية تحتية) facilities, systems, framework disorganization, decay, absence
Digital tools (الأدوات الرقمية) electronic instruments, online resources analog methods, paper-based systems
Cornerstone (حجر الأساس) foundation, basis, bedrock triviality, superficiality, irrelevance
Competitive (تنافسي) rivalrous, vying, cutthroat uncompetitive, cooperative, passive
Sector (قطاع) branch, division, area whole, entirety, undifferentiated mass
Enhance (تعزيز) improve, strengthen, boost diminish, weaken, degrade
Memorization (حفظ) rote learning, recall understanding, analysis, critical thinking
Creativity (إبداع) inventiveness, originality, imagination unoriginality, conformity, repetition
Critical thinking (التفكير النقدي) analytical thought, evaluation uncritical thinking, credulity, gullibility
Problem-solving (حل المشكلات) resolution, troubleshooting problem-creating, avoidance, denial
Curricula (المناهج الدراسية) syllabi, courses of study irrelevance, lack of structure
Illiteracy (أمّية) ignorance, lack of education literacy, education, enlightenment
Vocational training (التدريب المهني) technical training, job skills education theoretical education, academic isolation
Innovation (ابتكار) novelty, ingenuity, invention tradition, imitation, stagnation
Leadership (قيادة) guidance, direction, management followership, subordination, passivity
Human capital (رأس المال البشري) workforce, talent pool unskilled labor, underutilized potential
Prosperous (مزدهر) thriving, flourishing, successful declining, failing, impoverished
Manufactures (يصنع) produces, fabricates, makes destroys, breaks, damages
Boosted (عزز / دعم) increased, improved, strengthened decreased, weakened, reduced
Mutual (متبادل) reciprocal, shared, joint unilateral, one-sided
Affordable (ميسور التكلفة) cheap, inexpensive, economical expensive, costly, premium

القواعد اللغوية الرئيسية

الصفات والظروف (Adjectives and Adverbs)

الصفات (Adjectives): تصف أو تعطي معلومات إضافية عن الأسماء. تجيب على أسئلة مثل: أي نوع؟ أي واحد؟ كم العدد؟

It was a unique personality.

كانت شخصية فريدة.

الظروف (Adverbs): تصف أو تعطي معلومات إضافية عن الأفعال أو الصفات أو ظروف أخرى. تجيب على أسئلة مثل: كيف؟ متى؟ أين؟ كم مرة؟ إلى أي مدى؟

He speaks clearly.

هو يتحدث بوضوح.

أهم المفردات

Remarkableملحوظ / لافت للنظر
Predictionتنبؤ
Accuracyدقة
Meteorologistsعلماء الأرصاد الجوية
Humidityرطوبة
Intensityشدة
Uncertaintyعدم اليقين
Unpredictableلا يمكن التنبؤ به
Tectonic platesصفائح تكتونية
Drillsتدريبات
Readinessجهوزية
Preparednessاستعداد / جاهزية
Kitعدة / مجموعة أدوات
Suppliesإمدادات / مؤن
Perishableقابل للتلف
Waterproofمقاوم للماء
Broadcasterمذيع
Strikeيضرب
Blockedمسدود
Evacuatedتم إجلاؤهم
Trappedمحاصر / عالق
In advanceمقدماً

أهم التعبيرات

Issue early warningsإصدار تحذيرات مبكرة
Pose major challengesيشكل تحديات كبيرة
Reduce their impactتقليل تأثيرها
Practice drillsإجراء تدريبات عملية
Widespread disasterكارثة واسعة النطاق
Valuable lessonدرس قيم
Better safe than sorryالوقاية خير من العلاج

الكلمات وعكسها ومرادفها

الكلمة (Word) المرادف (Synonym) المضاد (Antonym/Opposite)
Prediction (تنبؤ) forecast, anticipation, prognostication certainty, knowledge, fact
Accuracy (دقة) precision, exactness, correctness inaccuracy, imprecision, error
Meteorologists (أخصائيو الأرصاد الجوية) weather forecasters, climatologists laypersons, non-experts
Monitor (مراقبة) observe, watch, track ignore, neglect, overlook
Humidity (رطوبة) moisture, dampness dryness, aridity
Track (تتبع) follow, trace, pursue lose, abandon, disregard
Intensity (شدة) strength, force, severity weakness, mildness, gentleness
Pose (تُشكل / تُسبب) present, create, raise solve, resolve, eliminate
Unpredictable (غير قابل للتنبؤ) unforeseen, erratic, uncertain predictable, foreseeable, certain
Seismic activity (النشاط الزلزالي) earthquake activity seismic quiescence, calm
Tectonic plates (الصفائح التكتونية) continental plates stable crust, fixed land
Drills (تمارين تدريبية) exercises, practices, rehearsals neglect, inaction, avoidance
Adaptation (تكيف) adjustment, modification, change inflexibility, rigidity, resistance
Preparedness (الاستعداد) readiness, foresight, anticipation unpreparedness, negligence, complacency
Kit (طقم) set, package, collection empty container, absence
Supplies (لوازم) provisions, stores, stock shortage, scarcity, depletion
Perishable (قابل للتلف) degradable, spoilable, ephemeral non-perishable, durable, long-lasting
Documents (مستندات) papers, records, files destruction, loss, erasure
Waterproof (مقاوم للماء) water-resistant, sealed, impermeable permeable, leaky, porous
Non-local contact (اتصال خارجي) distant contact local contact, proximity
Power outage (انقطاع الكهرباء) blackout, power cut power supply, electrification
Strike (ضرب / حدوث) hit, occur, happen avoidance, prevention, escape
Blocked (مغلق / مسدود) obstructed, closed, jammed open, clear, unblocked
Evacuated (إخلاء) moved out, relocated, cleared occupied, settled, retained
Trapped (محاصر) caught, confined, ensnared free, released, liberated
In advance (مسبقًا) beforehand, ahead of time, previously afterward, late, belatedly
Damage (ضرر) harm, destruction, impairment repair, benefit, improvement, restoration
Manufactures (يصنع) produces, fabricates, makes destroys, breaks, damages
Boosted (عزز / دعم) increased, improved, strengthened decreased, weakened, reduced
Mutual (متبادل) reciprocal, shared, joint unilateral, one-sided
Affordable (ميسور التكلفة) cheap, inexpensive, economical expensive, costly, premium

القواعد اللغوية الرئيسية

صفات المقارنة والتفضيل (Comparatives & Superlatives)

صفات المقارنة (Comparative Adjectives): تستخدم لمقارنة شيئين أو شخصين. تتكون بإضافة `-er` للصفات القصيرة أو `more` قبل الصفات الطويلة، بالإضافة إلى الأشكال غير المنتظمة مثل `better/worse`.

صفات التفضيل (Superlative Adjectives): تستخدم لإظهار الدرجة الأعلى بين ثلاثة أشياء أو أشخاص أو أكثر. تتكون بإضافة `the ... -est` للصفات القصيرة أو `the most` قبل الصفات الطويلة، بالإضافة إلى الأشكال غير المنتظمة مثل `the best/the worst`.

Earthquakes are more unpredictable than hurricanes.

الزلازل أقل قابلية للتنبؤ بها من الأعاصير.

Readiness and planning are our strongest defenses.

الجهوزية والتخطيط هما أقوى دفاعاتنا.

أهم المفردات

Misinformationمعلومات مضللة
Distinguishيميز
Reliableموثوق
Sensationalمثير
Triggerيثير / يحفز
Misleadingمضلل
Misprintsأخطاء مطبعية
Algorithmsخوارزميات
Reinforcingتعزيز / تقوية
Suspiciousمشبوه
Regulationتنظيم / لائحة
Removalإزالة
Restrictionتقييد / قيد
Verifyيتحقق من
Deceptionخداع
Transparencyشفافية
Censorshipرقابة
Subtleدقيق / خفي
Manipulationتلاعب
Sparkيثير / شرارة
Reflectionتفكير / تأمل
Tacticتكتيك
Trendingرائج / متداول
Loopحلقة

أهم التعبيرات

Spreads faster than wildfireينتشر أسرع من النار في الهشيم
Red flagعلامة تحذير
Echo chambersغرف الصدى
Too good or too bad to be trueجيد جداً أو سيء جداً لدرجة لا تصدق
Media literacy educationالتثقيف الإعلامي
Public discourseالخطاب العام
Emotional manipulationتلاعب عاطفي
Override critical thinkingتجاوز التفكير النقدي
Going viralينتشر بسرعة كبيرة
Feedback loopحلقة التغذية الراجعة
Mindful media habitsعادات إعلامية واعية

الكلمات وعكسها ومرادفها — الوحدة الخامسة: التلاعب الإعلامي

الكلمة (Word) المرادف (Synonym) المضاد (Antonym/Opposite)
Misinformation (معلومات مضللة) false information, disinformation, inaccurate data accurate information, truth, facts
Distinguish (يميز) differentiate, discern, tell apart confuse, mix up, conflate
Reliable sources (مصادر موثوقة) credible sources, trustworthy origins unreliable sources, questionable origins
Sensational (مثير/حسي) shocking, scandalous, dramatic understated, ordinary, factual
Trigger (يثير/يفجر) activate, initiate, provoke calm, suppress, pacify
Misleading (مضلل) deceptive, delusive, false truthful, honest, straightforward
Misprints (أخطاء مطبعية) typos, printing errors, errata correct text, accurate print
Unsupported claims (ادعاءات غير مدعومة) unsubstantiated allegations, baseless assertions verified claims, substantiated evidence
Algorithms (خوارزميات) procedures, formulas, protocols randomness, chaos, intuition
Echo chambers (غرف الصدى) ideological bubbles, filter bubbles diverse perspectives, open dialogue
Suspicious (مشبوه) dubious, questionable, doubtful trustworthy, credible, reliable
Verification (تحقق) confirmation, validation, authentication falsification, denial, discredit
Trustworthy (جدير بالثقة) dependable, reputable, credible untrustworthy, dishonest, unreliable
Regulation (تنظيم) control, rule, directive deregulation, freedom, lack of oversight
Removal (إزالة) deletion, elimination, expulsion addition, inclusion, retention
Restriction (تقييد) limitation, constraint, curb freedom, allowance, permission
Verify (يتحقق) confirm, authenticate, validate falsify, disprove, discredit
Deception (خداع) trickery, fraud, dishonesty honesty, truth, sincerity
Transparency (شفافية) openness, clarity, candidness opacity, secrecy, concealment
Censorship (رقابة) suppression, editing, control openness, freedom of speech
Free speech (حرية التعبير) freedom of expression, liberty of utterance censorship, silencing, suppression
Mandatory (إلزامي) compulsory, obligatory, required optional, voluntary, discretionary
Content moderation (الإشراف على المحتوى) content filtering, review unregulated posting, free-for-all
Media outlets (وسائل الإعلام) news sources, broadcasters, publishers private channels, non-media platforms
Cropped (مقتطع/مقصور) trimmed, cut, edited complete, unaltered, full-frame
Emotional language (لغة عاطفية) emotive language, expressive words factual language, neutral tone
Tag questions (أسئلة الذيل) tail questions, confirmation questions declarative statements, direct assertions
Auxiliaries (أفعال مساعدة) helping verbs main verbs, lexical verbs
Intonation (التنغيم) pitch, modulation, tone monotone, flat delivery
Affirmative (إيجابي) positive, assenting negative, denying
Subtle (خفي/ماكر) delicate, understated, indirect obvious, direct, blatant
Manipulation (تلاعب) exploitation, control, influence honesty, sincerity, transparency
Spark (يشعل/يثير) ignite, provoke, trigger extinguish, calm, suppress
Reflection (تفكير/تأمل) contemplation, consideration, thought impulsiveness, mindlessness
Tactic (تكتيك/أسلوب) strategy, method, approach chaos, randomness, accident
Trending (رائج) popular, in vogue, current obsolete, forgotten, outdated
Feedback loop (حلقة التغذية الراجعة) self-reinforcing cycle break in cycle, disruption, interruption
Reinforcing (يعزز) strengthening, supporting, consolidating weakening, undermining, eroding
Mindfulness (اليقظة) awareness, attentiveness, consciousness heedlessness, inattention, distraction
Viewpoint (وجهة نظر) perspective, stance, opinion opposite view, contradiction
Persuade (يقنع) convince, sway, influence dissuade, deter, discourage
Evidence (دليل) proof, data, corroboration denial, conjecture, speculation
Reasoning (منطق) logic, rationale, argument illogic, fallacy, nonsense
Thesis statement (بيان الأطروحة) main idea, central argument contradiction, counter-thesis
Counter-argument (حجة مضادة) rebuttal, opposing view agreement, support, affirmation
Summary (ملخص) synopsis, abstract, brief detail, expansion, elaboration
Addictive (إدماني) habit-forming, compulsive non-addictive, harmless, neutral
Self-confidence (ثقة بالنفس) self-assurance, belief in oneself self-doubt, insecurity, low self-esteem
Manufactures (يصنع) produces, fabricates, makes destroys, breaks, damages
Boosted (عزز / دعم) increased, improved, strengthened decreased, weakened, reduced
Mutual (متبادل) reciprocal, shared, joint unilateral, one-sided
Affordable (ميسور التكلفة) cheap, inexpensive, economical expensive, costly, premium

القواعد اللغوية الرئيسية

الأسئلة المذيلة (Tag Questions)

هي عبارات قصيرة في نهاية الجملة تحولها إلى سؤال. جملة مثبتة تأخذ سؤالاً منفياً؛ وجملة منفية تأخذ سؤالاً مثبتاً. تتكون باستخدام الأفعال المساعدة (do, be, have) أو الأفعال الناقصة.

You checked the source, didn't you?

لقد تحققت من المصدر، أليس كذلك؟

That headline isn't misleading, is it?

هذا العنوان ليس مضللاً، أليس كذلك؟

أهم المفردات

Soft skillsمهارات ناعمة (شخصية)
Hard skillsمهارات صعبة (تقنية)
Technicalتقني / فني
Measurableقابل للقياس
Communicationتواصل
Teamworkعمل جماعي
Leadershipقيادة
Attitudeموقف / سلوك
Collaborateيتعاون
Adaptيتكيف
Creativeمبدع
Cooperativeمتعاون
Ambitiousطموح
Essentialأساسي / ضروري
Resilientمرن / قادر على التكيف
Reliableموثوق
Vitalحيوي / ضروري
Flexibleمرن
Organizedمنظم
Trustworthyجدير بالثقة
Debateمناظرة / نقاش

أهم التعبيرات

Emotional intelligenceالذكاء العاطفي
Work well in a teamالعمل بشكل جيد في فريق
Get hired / Land a jobالحصول على وظيفة
Grow in your careerالنمو في مسيرتك المهنية
Get your foot in the doorالحصول على فرصة أولية
Long termعلى المدى الطويل
Comfort zoneمنطقة الراحة
Meet others halfwayالتوصل إلى حل وسط
Stay on top of thingsالبقاء مسيطراً على الأمور
To think on your feetالتفكير بسرعة والارتجال
Open doorsيفتح الأبواب (الفرص)

الكلمات وعكسها ومرادفها — المهارات الشخصية والمهنية

الكلمة (Word) المرادف (Synonym) المضاد (Antonym/Opposite)
Soft skills (مهارات ناعمة) interpersonal skills, people skills, transferable skills hard skills, technical skills
Communication (التواصل) interaction, dialogue, expression isolation, silence, non-communication
Teamwork (العمل الجماعي) collaboration, cooperation, group effort individualism, solo effort, competition
Time management (إدارة الوقت) organization, scheduling, planning disorganization, inefficiency, procrastination
Problem-solving (حل المشكلات) troubleshooting, resolution, analysis problem-creating, avoidance, denial
Leadership (القيادة) guidance, direction, management followership, subordination, passivity
Personality (الشخصية) character, disposition, temperament artificiality, inconsistency, unpredictability
Attitude (الموقف/النبرة) demeanor, outlook, approach negativity, hostility, apathy
Emotional intelligence (الذكاء العاطفي) emotional awareness, empathy emotional unawareness, insensitivity, indifference
Collaborate (يتعاون) cooperate, work together, partner compete, oppose, resist
Adapt (يتكيّف) adjust, conform, modify resist, be rigid, refuse to change
Respectful (محترم) courteous, polite, considerate disrespectful, rude, arrogant
Reliable (موثوق) dependable, trustworthy, consistent unreliable, untrustworthy, erratic
Expertise (خبرة) proficiency, mastery, skill incompetence, ignorance, ineptitude
Brilliant (ممتاز/عبقري) intelligent, talented, exceptional incompetent, dull, mediocre
Hard skills (مهارات صعبة) technical skills, vocational skills, specific knowledge soft skills, interpersonal skills
Technical abilities (قدرات تقنية) specialized skills, practical expertise general knowledge, theoretical understanding
Measurable (قابل للقياس) quantifiable, assessable, evaluable immeasurable, unquantifiable, subjective
Creative (إبداعي) innovative, inventive, imaginative uncreative, imitative, uninspired
Flexible (مرن) adaptable, versatile, pliant rigid, inflexible, unyielding
Organized (منظم) systematic, structured, orderly disorganized, chaotic, messy
Cooperative (متعاون) collaborative, helpful, amenable uncooperative, antagonistic, defiant
Ambitious (طموح) aspiring, driven, determined apathetic, complacent, unmotivated
Essential (أساسي) crucial, indispensable, fundamental inessential, superfluous, trivial
Resilient (مرن نفسيًا) tough, strong, quick-recovering fragile, vulnerable, weak
Vital (حيوي) critical, paramount, key unimportant, minor, secondary
Get hired (يُوظَّف) recruited, employed, selected get fired, lose a job, dismissed
Grow in your career (تتقدم في مسيرتك) advance, progress, develop professionally stagnate, decline, regress
Manufactures (يصنع) produces, fabricates, makes destroys, breaks, damages
Boosted (عزز / دعم) increased, improved, strengthened decreased, weakened, reduced
Mutual (متبادل) reciprocal, shared, joint unilateral, one-sided
Affordable (ميسور التكلفة) cheap, inexpensive, economical expensive, costly, premium

القواعد اللغوية الرئيسية

الجمل الوصلية (Relative Clauses)

الجمل المُعرِّفة (Defining Relative Clauses): تعطي معلومات ضرورية عن شخص أو شيء. تستخدم `who`, `whom`, `which`, `that`. يمكن حذف ضمير الوصل إذا كان يعرف المفعول به.

She is the programmer who wrote the perfect code.

هي المبرمجة التي كتبت الكود المثالي.

الجمل غير المُعرِّفة (Non-defining Relative Clauses): تعطي معلومات إضافية (غير ضرورية) وتوضع بين فاصلتين. تستخدم `who`, `whom`, `which`. لا يمكن استخدام `that` أو حذف ضمير الوصل.

My manager, who is very experienced, gave me some advice.

مديري، وهو ذو خبرة كبيرة، أعطاني بعض النصائح.

أهم المفردات من الرواية

Punctualityدقة المواعيد
Mathematical precisionدقة رياضية
Valetخادم شخصي
Disciplineانضباط
Heated debateنقاش حاد
Timetableجدول زمني
Challengeتحدي
Ventureمشروع محفوف بالمخاطر
Eccentricغريب الأطوار
Suspicionشك / ريبة
Detectiveمتحرٍ / مخبر
Warrantأمر قبض
On scheduleفي الموعد المحدد
Disembarkedنزل من السفينة
Caravanقافلة
Bazaarسوق
Steamerباخرة
Pursuitمطاردة
Unexpected Haltتوقف غير متوقع
Mahoutسائق الفيل
Jungleغابة
Unconsciousفاقد للوعي

الكلمات وعكسها ومرادفها — مجموعة شاملة للمفردات المتقدمة

الكلمة (Word) المرادف (Synonym) المضاد (Antonym/Opposite)
Punctuality (المواعيد) promptness, timeliness lateness, tardiness
Habits (عادات) routines, customs irregularities, spontaneity
Order (ترتيب) tidiness, arrangement disorder, chaos
Discipline (انضباط) self-control, regimen indiscipline, laxity
Valet (خادم شخصي) personal attendant, manservant independent, self-reliant
Professions (مهن) occupations, trades unemployment, idleness
Restful (مريح) relaxing, peaceful strenuous, stressful
Adventures (مغامرات) exploits, escapades routines, monotony, boredom
Elegant (أنيق) graceful, refined crude, unrefined, vulgar
Whispered (همس) murmured, muttered shouted, yelled
Measured (مقاس بدقة) calculated, precise impulsive, haphazard
Precision (دقة) accuracy, exactness inaccuracy, vagueness
Mysterious (غامض) enigmatic, perplexing open, clear, obvious
Strict (صارم) rigorous, stern lenient, permissive
Endure (يتحمل) tolerate, bear avoid, escape
Cheerful (مبتهج) jovial, merry gloomy, sad, melancholic
Loyal (وفي) faithful, devoted disloyal, treacherous
Regularity (انتظام) consistency, uniformity irregularity, inconsistency
Suitable (مناسب) appropriate, fitting unsuitable, inappropriate
Unusual (غير عادي) uncommon, peculiar usual, common, ordinary
Harmony (انسجام) accord, agreement discord, conflict
Challenge (تحدي) dare, gauntlet ease, simplicity
Robbed (سُرِق) plundered, stolen from returned, restored
Thief (لص) robber, burglar owner, legitimate person
Speculated (تَكَهَّن) conjectured, hypothesized confirmed, proven
Identity (هوية) individuality, persona anonymity, loss of self
Steamships (سفن بخارية) steamers, vessels sailboats, non-mechanized craft
Railways (سكك حديدية) railroads, tracks roads, paths
Unaffected (غير متأثر) unmoved, untouched affected, emotional
Excitement (إثارة) thrill, exhilaration calmness, boredom
Declaration (إعلان) statement, announcement silence, concealment
Nonsense (هراء) absurdity, rubbish sense, logic, reason
Impossible (مستحيل) unachievable, impracticable possible, achievable
Contrary (معاكس) opposite, adverse similar, agreeable
Timetable (جدول زمني) schedule, agenda chaos, lack of plan
Astonishment (دهشة) amazement, surprise expectation, familiarity
Accidents (حوادث) mishaps, misfortunes intentional acts, planning
Imaginary (خيالي) fictional, hypothetical real, actual
Routes (طرق) paths, courses dead ends, detours
Journey (رحلة) voyage, expedition stay, inaction
Enormous (هائل) immense, colossal tiny, miniature
Estate (عقار) property, domain homelessness, absence
Madness (جنون) insanity, folly sanity, reason
Jesting (مزاح) joking, teasing seriousness, solemnity
Eccentric (غريب الأطوار) quirky, unconventional conventional, normal
Venture (مغامرة) undertaking, enterprise safety, caution
Contract (عقد) agreement, pact breach, cancellation
Disbelief (عدم تصديق) incredulity, skepticism belief, trust
Calculations (حسابات) computations, reckonings guesswork, estimation
Determination (عزيمة) resolution, perseverance weakness, surrender
Steamer (قارب بخاري) ship, vessel rowboat, canoe
Engines (محركات) motors, machines hand-cranked tools, manual devices
Shimmered (تلألأ) glittered, gleamed dulled, dimmed
Calculations (حسابات) computations, estimations guesses, approximations
Worry (قلق) anxiety, concern calm, tranquility
Awe (رهبة) wonder, reverence indifference, scorn
Rhythm (إيقاع) tempo, pattern disorder, chaos
Strolled (تجول) ambled, sauntered rushed, hurried
Exploring (استكشاف) discovering, researching ignoring, neglecting
Admired (أُعجب به) appreciated, revered disliked, despised
Frustration (إحباط) annoyance, vexation satisfaction, contentment
Oppressive (قاهر) burdensome, harsh light, pleasant, soothing
Disembark (ينزل) alight, land embark, board
Bazaar (سوق) market, souk empty lot, deserted place
Exotic (غريب/استوائي) foreign, unusual familiar, common
Immensity (ضخامة) vastness, greatness smallness, minuteness
Phosphorescence (توهج فوسفي) luminescence, glow darkness, obscurity
Astonishing (مذهل) surprising, astounding ordinary, expected
Harbor (مرسى) port, dock open sea, no shelter
Begged (تضرع) pleaded, implored demanded, commanded
Trinkets (زينة صغيرة) baubles, knick-knacks valuables, treasures
Souvenirs (ذكريات) mementos, keepsakes discards, trash
Custom (عادة) tradition, practice innovation, novelty
Polluted (ملوث) contaminated, tainted purified, cleansed
Stifling (مُخنق) suffocating, airless airy, fresh, ventilated
Subcontinent (شبه قارة) large landmass island, microcontinent
Dense (كثيف) thick, compact thin, sparse
Platform (منصة) dock, stage off-stage, remote area
Vendors (بائعون) sellers, merchants buyers, customers
Hesitation (تردد) reluctance, wavering certainty, decisiveness
Amazement (دهشة) wonder, astonishment indifference, boredom
Pilgrims (حجاج) travelers, devotees tourists, skeptics
Warrant (تصريح) authorization, permit prohibition, denial
Countryside (الريف) rural area, pastoral land urban area, city
Spires (أبراج) pinnacles, steeples flat roofs, low structures
Herd (قطيع) flock, drove solitary animal, lone creature
Ordinary (عادي) common, normal extraordinary, unusual
Wrestled (صارع) struggled, grappled yielded, surrendered
Doubt (شك) uncertainty, skepticism certainty, conviction
Haste (عجلة) speed, urgency slowness, leisure
Halt (توقف) stop, pause continuation, progress
Jolted (اهتز) shaken, bumped calmed, stabilized
Construction (بناء) building, erection demolition, destruction
Transportation (نقل) conveyance, transit immobility, isolation
Inquiries (استفسارات) questions, investigations silence, ignorance
Mahout (سائق الفيل) elephant driver observer, bystander
Dense Jungle (غابة كثيفة) thick forest, wilderness open field, desert
Screeched (صرخ) shrieked, screamed whispered, murmured
Buzzed (همهم) hummed, droned silenced, quieted
Clutch (إمساك) grasp, grip release, let go
Roar (زئير) bellow, thunder whisper, silence
Dramatic (درامي) exciting, sensational mundane, dull
Encounter (مواجهة) meeting, confrontation avoidance, evasion
Unconscious (غير واعٍ) insensate, comatose conscious, awake
Deathly Pale (شاحب كالموت) ashen, pallid rosy, flushed, healthy
Rescue (إنقاذ) save, deliver abandon, neglect
Grateful (شاكر) thankful, appreciative ungrateful, thankless
Grudging Respect (احترام متراخٍ) reluctant admiration contempt, disdain
Hardship (مشقة) adversity, difficulty ease, comfort
Generously (بكرم) liberally, bountifully stingily, sparingly
Human Life (الحياة البشرية) existence, being non-existence, death
Manufactures (يصنع) produces, fabricates, makes destroys, breaks, damages
Boosted (عزز / دعم) increased, improved, strengthened decreased, weakened, reduced
Mutual (متبادل) reciprocal, shared, joint unilateral, one-sided
Affordable (ميسور التكلفة) cheap, inexpensive, economical expensive, costly, premium

أهم التعبيرات والقيم من الرواية

Measure by the tick of the clockيقاس بدقة الساعة
Heart of a travelerقلب رحالة
First impressionsالانطباعات الأولى
Bet your life on itتراهن بحياتك على ذلك
Caught the attention ofلفت انتباه
Keep a close watchيراقب عن كثب
Off to the ends of the earthإلى أقاصي الأرض
A man of precision, not of wonderرجل دقيق، وليس محبًا للعجائب
The world grows larger every dayالعالم يزداد اتساعًا كل يوم
The harbor was alive with shipsكان الميناء يعج بالسفن
Time is more valuable than goldالوقت أثمن من الذهب
I must remain his shadowيجب أن أظل ظله