📚 قواعد الترم الثاني
الصف الثاني الثانوي
الجمل الشرطية (If Clauses)
Conditionals
| النوع | الاستخدام | التركيب | مثال |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zero | حقائق علمية | If + Present → Present | "If you heat water, it boils" |
| First | احتمالات مستقبلية | If + Present → will + V | "If you study, you will pass" |
| Second | وضعيات غير واقعية | If + Past → would + V | "If I were rich, I would travel" |
| Third | ندم على الماضي | If + Past Perfect → would have | "If I had studied, I would have passed" |
في Second Conditional، استخدم "were" مع جميع الضمائر: "If I were you..." وليس "If I was..."
أكمل الجملة:
"If I _______ (see) him tomorrow, I _______ (tell) him the news."
حول الجملة إلى Third Conditional:
"I didn't study, so I failed."
أفعال الالتزام والضرورة
Modals of Obligation and Necessity
| الفعل | المعنى | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| must | ضرورة قوية | "You must finish homework" |
| have to | ضرورة خارجية | "I have to wake up early" |
| need to | ضرورة عملية | "You need to drink water" |
| mustn't | منع صارم | "You mustn't smoke" |
| should have | ندم على ماضٍ | "You should have studied" |
must = التزام شخصي
have to = التزام خارجي
الأفعال الحالة والفعلية
Stative and Action Verbs
| النوع | أمثلة | جملة |
|---|---|---|
| المشاعر | like, love, hate | "I like chocolate" |
| الحواس | see, hear, smell | "This tastes delicious" |
| الملكية | have, own, belong | "This belongs to me" |
| الآراء | know, believe, think | "I believe you're right" |
فعل think له معنيان حسب السياق
📌 think (رأي/حالة):
"I think the story is true" ❌ I am thinking
📌 think (عملية تفكير/فعل):
"I am thinking about my homework" ✅ صحيح
الأفعال المساعدة النصفية
Semi-Modals (Expectation Structures)
| التركيب | المعنى | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| seem to | يبدو أن | "She seems to be tired" |
| be meant to | مقصود أن | "The story is meant to teach" |
| be supposed to | من المفترض أن | "Students are supposed to arrive early" |
عادات الماضي
Past Habits
| التركيب | الاستخدام | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| used to | عادات في الماضي (حالات + أفعال) | "Sama used to walk to school" |
| would | عادات نمطية (أفعال فقط) | "I would visit grandparents" |
would لا تستخدم مع الأفعال الحالة
❌ "There would be a cinema"
✅ "There used to be a cinema"
المستقبل التام
The Future Perfect Tense
📌 "سأكون قد أنهيت مهامي بحلول الثانية ظهراً"
"I will have done all my jobs by 2:00 p.m."
📌 "بحلول نهاية العام، سأكون قد تعلمت الإنجليزية"
"By the end of this year, I will have learned English."
أكمل باستخدام Future Perfect:
"By next month, I _______ (finish) reading this book."
اختر التركيب الصحيح:
"When I was young, I _______ (would visit/used to visit) my grandmother."